1944: Joseph Kennedy, Jr., eldest son of Joseph and Rose Kennedy and U.S. Navy pilot during WWII, was killed when his airplane crashed while on a mission.

1881: Cecil B. DeMille, famous film producer who made more than 70 films during his lifetime, was born in Massachusetts. He was awarded an Oscar in 1953 for his film, The Greatest Show on Earth.

1877: Library of Congress: This date is popularly given for Thomas Alva Edison's completion of the model for the first phonograph, a device that recorded sound onto tinfoil cylinders. It is more likely, however, that work on the model was not finished until November or December of that year, since Edison did not file for the patent until December 24, 1877. While working to improve the efficiency of a telegraph transmitter, Edison noted that the tape of the machine gave off a noise resembling spoken words when played at a high speed. This caused him to wonder if he could record a telephone message. Edison began experimenting with the diaphragm of a telephone receiver by attaching a needle to it. He reasoned that the needle could prick paper tape to record a message. His experiments led him to try a stylus on a tinfoil cylinder, which, to his great surprise, played back the short message he recorded, "Mary had a little lamb."